Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Analysis Poem ‘No Coward Soul Is Mine’

No Coward Soul Is Mine by Emily Bronte No coward soul is mine, No trembler in the worlds storm-troubled sphere: I see Heavens glories shine, And faith shines equal, arming me from fear. O God within my breast. Almighty, ever-present Deity! Life — that in me has rest, As I — Undying Life — have power in Thee! Vain are the thousand creeds That move mens hearts: unutterably vain; Worthless as withered weeds, Or idlest froth amid the boundless main, To waken doubt in one Holding so fast by Thine infinity; So surely anchored on The steadfast Rock of immortality. With wide-embracing love Thy Spirit animates eternal years,Pervades and broods above, Changes, sustains, dissolves, creates, and rears. Though earth and man were gone, And suns and universes ceased to be, And Thou wert left alone, Every existence would exist in Thee. There is not room for Death, Nor atom that his might could render void: Thou — Thou art Being and Breath, And what Thou art may never be d estroyed. Analysis Connotative words:First stanzaIn the second line, storm-troubled has negative connotative meaning. Denotative meaning from storm is an extreme weather condition with very strong wind, heavy rain, and lighting; and the denotative meaning of trouble s to cause someone to have a problems or difficulties. The word storm-troubled is a compound verb that has connotative meaning an activity of destroying something with the powerful energy or an activity that can cause a dangerous effect. In the fourth line, shines has positive connotative meaning. The denotative meaning from shines as verb is to send out or reflect light; the connotative meaning is to show something or looks like. Also in fourth line, the word arming has positive connotative meaning. The word arming comes from word arm and affix  ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€œing. Arming then has meaning as verb.The denotative meaning from arm is part of body which consist of two long parts of the upper body that fixed to the shoulders and have hands at the end. The connotative meaning from arming is to embrace or to hug someone, also to save or to make safety from something.Second stanzaIn the first line, the word breast has positive connotative meaning. The denotative meaning from breast is part of body, especially has relation with women. The connotative meaning from this word is deep inside of heart. In this line the poet wants to show that she really believes in God, so that she says that God in her breast or in her deep inside of her heart. Fourth Stanza In the fourth line, Rock has positive connotative meaning. The denotation meaning of rock is the dry solid part of the Earth’s surface; stone. The connotative meaning of Rock here is the faith, beliefs, or religion that people have to have.Seventh StanzaIn the third line, Being and Breath has positive connotative meanings. The denotative meaning of being is a person or thing that exists or the state of existing; and breath is the air that goes into and o ut of lungs. The connotative meaning of those words is the One who only has the being forever or the One who can give a life or soul for the creature.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Dreams in Of Mice and Men Essay

Of Mice and Men by John Steinback is a story about George and Lennie, two companions who share the same dream of owning their own land and being their own boss. They move from place to place looking for work but the â€Å"fetishes† of Lennie gets them into trouble which hinders their dream for being fulfilled. In the end, reality sinks in and George accepts their fate. Almost all of the characters in the story have dreams of their own but somehow fate conspires against them that prevent their dreams for becoming a reality. Of Mice and Men centers on dreams of the common man as much as it focuses on loneliness and human companionship. The focus on dreams however, is leaned towards a more realistic approach than idealistic. Steinback portrays dreams realistically by showing the obstacles that hinder dreams. Dreams is what drive people, or at least most of us, it gives us a sense of purpose, without them, existence seems unnecessary. The most notable dream in the story is the dream of George and Lennie having a farm of their own. Lennie always asks George to retell him their dreams because part of it involves Lennie petting rabbits, which is Lennie’s fetish (touching soft things), and also because Lennie has a short memory. Ironically, it is their dream that enslaves them to work. The dream of owning a farm is the lifelong dream of George and Lennie because they are tired of moving from place to place constantly trying to find work, which barely support them– owning a farm means, at least for George, being self-reliant, a sense of security and just simply being somebody and not just mere drifters. Lennie on the other hand is just in it for the rabbits but he clearly values the companionship that their dreams forge. This is shown throughout the story when Lennie gets upset by the thoughts of George getting angry at him Candy, the old man with the old sheep dog, partly became part of George and Lennie’s dream; as he offers money that he supposedly have, to contribute to the purchase of the farm. The dream of the farm also gives him a sense of security because he has nowhere else to go to if he is fired from the current farm he is in. Crooks also partly shared the dream of George and Lennie when Lennie tells him about the dream farm, Crooks offers his service to the farm for free because for him, equality in the farm might bring is enough. Equality is something he longs for outside of the dream farm because he is discriminated for being black. He lives separately from the other workers and is insulted by the wife of Curley. A place they can call their own where they can have some sense of security and pride is what drives these characters’ dreams. Dreams, by its mere definition, do not mean that everything would be achieved. The characters dream of a different, or rather, a better life but their conditions prevent them from achieving these dreams. George does not have the money to buy the farm and Lennie slows his progress, Lennie is mentally retarded and relies solely on George so he can somehow function in society. Crooks is a black man, and during the setting of the story, that fact alone is enough to stop all hopes for a better life. Even Curley’s wife had dreams of becoming an actress but he married Curley who does not make her happy. Slim provides contrast with these dreams as he appears to not have any dreams and accepts the reality that he is stuck on working in the farm. Having dreams is fine but the truth is the world is an unforgiving place. The story shows the idealistic dreams of the characters and their struggle to break out of their situation. The characters strive for a better life but remain in the cycle of work, more work, and hopelessness—Dreams does not always lead to a happy ending.

The Role of Strategic Leadership

Over time the concept of leadership has changed. In a contemporary learning environment, leadership has demonstrated the need to overcome recurring challenges to allow room for the development of great qualities that make up an effective leader. Not everyone can be in leadership positions; however, as aspiring young leaders develop a new comprehensive and collaborative framework they will improve their leadership practice. This is not to say that they will be effective leaders.I feel that experience is key in many ways because through the leadership simulation it has allowed me to evolve and improve on the whole concept of the responsibility of being and effective leader. Throughout my years in education I saw many schools experiencing the need for improvement in as far as leadership is concerned. The principles of leadership simulation continue to enhance leadership growth and development in the 21st century. We now know what the role of a leader is about.Many times I felt, from pas t experience in dealing with more then one administrator, that we have always lacked this one thing; that is, effective communication. Participating in the simulation period has really allowed me to be more open to suggestion during my quest for more leadership experience. I have weak points that I need to address. However, being in athletics has made me more tolerant and more outspoken. In addition, I still need to learn a few things about leadership because there is always room for improvement.Throughout my experience while taking this leadership course I have learnt that leadership revolves around the central role of providing problem solution in order to achieve set objectives. It gave me a clear understanding of the unique styles of different types of leaders as well as learning the type of leader I am. In my experience through the simulation periods I felt there was a need for each participant to be involved as much as possible. This would allow them to grow as individuals thr ough people they don’t know and never seen.Even though we all had different theories of how things should have been done I felt that we accomplished a lot together. My understanding of the leadership course is that it demonstrates the general concept of the leadership framework. Leadership framework that offers problem-based experience that engages participants in addressing real world problems and situations in a learning environment. I know that principals and school leaders are expected to encourage critical, creative and strategic thinking in an environment that is collaborative.I am aware of strategic pedestal that leaders use to influence the effects on the school success. This will only through creative analysis of strategic base within the limits of school policy as well as solving organizational problems of schools. I felt that the leadership courses builds on the principles of problem solving as well as critical thinking skills in a realistic world that is typical o f collaboration, consultation and interactive simulation.Ultimately, as a school leader over the athletic department it is my responsibility to demonstrate experience and expertise in making decisions that may influence the success of the athletic program. Strategic leadership addresses effective management and planning so as to achieve an organization’s goals or a group’s targets. Scholars define strategic leadership as a person’s ability to expect, envision, maintain flexibility, think strategically and work with others to create a viable future for the organization (Ireland &Hitt, 2005).According to strategic leadership theory organizations are a reflection of their top level managers, and most especially the executive. The experiences, knowledge and values of the top executive shape the organization’s destiny. It is important that top executives collect important data in order too make wise decisions for their organizations. My experience as a high sc hool athletic director has taught me the importance of a leader’s knowledge, values and experiences in helping him or her make better decisions for advancing the organization’s objectives.Through my vast experience I have been able to note events and situations that tend to repeat themselves over the course of time so that I am better able to prepare for their reoccurrence. Also, the knowledge I have gained over the years through studies, work and other sources has directly or indirectly shaped the direction of my decisions. Again most of my decisions have been determined by my values; the primary value being service to others. As the high school athletic director, I deal with coaches and athletes on a daily basis since I run the athletic program.My decisions are therefore key to the progress of the athletic program. My knowledge, values and experiences impact the direction that the program takes because these factors determine my decisions for the program. Through the leadership course I have developed an appreciation for the importance of effective communication as a tool that any good leader should perfect in order to ensure the progress and future of his organization. I have developed an appreciation for the relation between good communication and effective collection of data that is critical to decision making for leaders.When a leader is able to effectively communicate with his team then he is in a position to effect quality operation of the organization. However when the leader is not able to effectively communicate his vision to his team then chances are that the organization’s future may become uncertain citing inability of the team to stir the organization towards what the leader has identified as the direction that the organization ought to take. In other cases conflict and animosity may occur due to bad communication.Conflict within a team breeds disharmony among the team members which effectively reduces cooperation. This ther efore retards the organization’s growth. As a high school athletic director, I have responsibility of stirring the program towards success. Having noted that there is a need to improve communication in school administration, and with my new found knowledge about the importance of effective communication, I will strive to improve communication between me and the coaches, athletes and school administrators.Thanks to the leadership course and the simulations I am better able to deal with these people, in tune with my leadership style. As a leader I can therefore say that I am in a better position, thanks to the leadership course to effectively lead the athletic program to ensure its development and survival. The concept of leadership has changed over time, so that leaders of today have more advanced and unique expectations than those of the past. Different individual have different leadership styles.What is to note however is that, no matter the variation in leadership style, co mmunication is key to effective leadership. Strategy, critical thinking and a problem solving attitude are also prerequisites to effective leadership. References Ireland, R. D. , & Hitt, M. A. (2005). Achieving and Maintaining Strategic Competitiveness in the 21st Century: The Role of Strategic Leadership. Retrieved August 7, 2010 from, http://www. nwcor. com/NWCOR/Content/Readings/Chapter 13-StrategicLdrshp- AME CLassic. pdf

Monday, July 29, 2019

Drescriptive Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Drescriptive - Essay Example After what seemed like a decade, the fateful morning arrived. I was awake before the sun rustling through my suitcase making certain mom packed the basics, my multi-colored swimsuit. As the sunlight softly pierced through my window the rustling became increasingly louder. I knew my brother had the same scheme in mind as I heard plates loudly clanging together in the kitchen. He was unloading the dishwasher, without being told to. It was a combination of nervous tension needing be released and a not so subtle way of waking the parents from their much deserved sleep. After several hours, actually a few minutes, they made their way out of their bedroom and towards the aroma coming from the coffee maker which had been set to brew as scheduled the night before. The car was already packed, my thumb bruised and throbbing from being in too big a hurry. Following a quick breakfast the journey began. The miles seemed especially long but a nap on the way helped somewhat. Finally we arrived. As dad slowed to park he loudly advised us to wait until he fully stopped. As we opened the door the experience was not what I had been expecting. It was almost overwhelming. The wind was so strong I need both hands to manage the door. As my feet touched the warm, and getting increasing warmer sand, the wind blew a constant stream of the hot sand in my face. The sun baked my face and the ocean waves were loud, alarmingly so. I wondered if we came on an unusually blustery day or if this was normal. Dad was shouting directions while standing just a few feet away but I did not hear a word. Had he not gestured toward a covered bench I would have had no clue what he meant. Hauling the umbrella, towels, cooler, ect., from the car to that bench was an ordeal while dancing across the sand against the wind. When we got settled I reached down to feel the light brown sand. Again, it was nothing like I expected. Instead of a

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Computer Information Security Certification Research Paper

Computer Information Security Certification - Research Paper Example Consequently, it is critical to employ highly skilled persons on this area to guarantee safety of organizational information and data. To give assurance to organizations that the employee being hired has the desired skills, several certifications are offered. Computer Information Security Certification Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE) certification is offered by Cisco. It is internationally recognized as the highest level certification in technical networking. For one to be CCIE certified, they have to be tested on particular skills in networking through written exams and performance assessed in the laboratory (Hochmuth, 2004). CCIE certification is divided into seven tracks including; routing and switching, security, service provider, service provider operations, storage networking, voice and wireless tracks (Hochmuth, 2004). CCIE certified persons are recognized as highly skilled engineers and secure employment in communication sector such as mobile phone service provider s and internet providers. Moreover, the individuals can be employed in organizations using information technology systems such as banks and supermarkets. Certified Computing Professional (CCP) is a senior level certification offered by ICCP. The certification is offered to Information Technology Management and Business and Systems Analysts professionals (Plishner, 2001). Moreover, it is offered to computer professionals globally. To receive this certification, one has to pass a core test in addition to scoring more than 70 percent in specialty examinations. Specialty exams are on management, procedural programming, system development, business information systems, systems programming, software engineering, database resource management and micro-computing and networks. To earn this certification one ought to have four years experience in information technology and computer field although not necessary in high tech position. One must also sign a document committing one to adhering to the code of ethics, conduct and good practice of ICCP (Plishner, 2001). A CCP certified person can be employed as a systems administrator in different organizations, can work as programmer, database administrator in institutions and the information managers in their place of work. Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) is another security certification available for computer professionals. For one to be CISA certified, one has to pass the CISA examinations. CISA exams scan be taken by any person with interest in information systems audit, control and security. Following completion of CISA exams and meeting the set work experience requirement, the candidate submits a CISA application (Plishner, 2001). The candidate must have a minimum of five years work experience in information systems auditing and control. Some professional may have this period waived for professionals such as university instructors in the field of accounting, computer science, and information systems to two years. CISA demands one to adhere to the code of professional ethics and the continuing professional education program (CPE) which ensures that certified individuals under this section continuously update themselves with new knowledge on computer security threats. In addition, CISA certified individuals commit themselves to complying with information systems auditing standards. CISA certified individuals can be employed in enterprises which demand IS audit professionals (Plishner, 2001).

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Critical debates in planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Critical debates in planning - Essay Example sents a violation of the principles of equal rights, but that this situation, although highly advantageous to certain economic interests, has been justified by government by the first assertion related to instrumental participation. It follows therefore that, if third-party rights of challenge can be shown to have relevance beyond self-interest, in principle the inequality of rights cannot be justified. It cannot be ignored that, although rights are problematic as a contested concept, they generally represent a valuable and accepted mechanism for safeguarding fundamental attributes of liberal democracies. A key difficulty, however, is that, within planning, rights discourses tend to have emphasized rights as vehicles for expressing interests, rather than emphasizing the values that they seek to protect. As a result, the invoking of rights becomes seen as a problem of how to manage competing interests in the context of other models of accountability for example representative democrac y. This has been justified by the fact that it is possible to challenge the grant of planning permission in the h high court by judicial review. This argument stems from the fact that judicial review the in the high court is very different from an appeal planning inspector and involves for greater costs. Barclays also points out that there’s need for third party rights because of perceived injustice in the procedures for participation in planning in that prospective developers may appeal against refusal whereas third parties cannot appeal against approval. There should be an opportunity for those disadvantaged and aggrieved by planning approvals to seek redress from an independent body. A third party right of appeal is not really necessary because by default they are involved in the planning process right from preparation, application and planning appeal. He reinforces his arguments by dismissing the fact that developer rights in planning evolve and are not sacrosanct because

Friday, July 26, 2019

Leadership Profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership Profile - Essay Example Later in 1978 he received a doctorate degree in criminal justice from Sam Houston State University Texas. Worked in the Royal Thai Police Department for 14 years and retired as a Lieutenant Colonel in 1987. His last position was Deputy Superintendent of the Policy and Planning Sub-division, General Staff Division, Metropolitan Police Bureau. After resigning from Royal Thai Police and with several failed business ventures in 1987 Mr. Thaksin started his own business Shinawatra Computer and Communications Group. Mr. Thaksin later resigned from the post of Chairman of the Board of Directors, Shinawatra Computer and Communications Public Company Limited Thaksin entered politics in late 1994 under the invitation of Chamlong Srimuang, the leader of Palang Dharma Party and in 1995 he became the leader of Palang Dharma. Mr. Thaksin held the position of deputy prime minister twice; being appointed Deputy Prime Minister in charge of Bangkok traffic in 1995 and again in 1997 Deputy Prime Minister under Prime Minister Chavalit Yongchaiyudh. It was in 1998 that he founded the Thai Rak Thai Party and became the party leader. Received the "Outstanding Criminal Justice Alumnus Award" from the Criminal Justice Center, Sam Houston State University and, later on October 25, 1996, the "Distinguished Alumni Award" from the same University As it stands Mr. Received the Honorary Award from the Mass Media Photographer Association of Thailand (MPA) as the Outstanding Politician who has contributed significantly to the society As it stands Mr. Thaksin was an extremely popular political leader. His dynamic entrepreneurial vision allowed him to establish a huge transnational business conglomerate and in ten years become one of the wealthiest individuals in Southeast Asia and the world. He twice won landslide elections - in 2001 and 2005 - with his party performing better than any in history. In fact, he is the only Thai prime minister to have completed a full four-year term after an election. Thaksin's distinctive economic, public health, education, energy, drugs and international relations policies made him the first elected Prime Minister in Thai history to complete his term in office, and helped him win a landslide re-election in 2005. (New York Times, 2006) After the creation of Thai Rak Thai, it was his enormous financial resources that allowed him to attract many accomplished and popular local politicians to his party. With a belief of populism and a strong emphasis on directing more funds to rural areas and communities, Thai Rak Thai developed a strong rural base in Thailand. The populist economic policy which was also termed "Thaksinomics." included novel programs such as "One Tambol, One Product," a highly successful program aimed to encourage each sub-district to develop a product in which it had a singular competitive advantage and

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Marketing Campaign of Benetton Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Campaign of Benetton - Assignment Example Most of the companies use all forms of advertising media. The mass media is often used for advertising, such as radio, Magazine and TV; those medias are important aspect, it transfers the message that companies want their customers to know, and directly supports the selling efforts for the sales team; normally they support the advertising, so we may focus on some particular media, the reason is that the customer would like to know which brand is the most popular, so they may consider to purchasing their products. This report will consider the current and future market in Taiwan and provide an appropriate budget for Benetton; it can help Benetton to rebuild their brand image to target customers, even to purchase the products of Benetton. It would be popular to carry out the ideal of member card in Taiwan. Whenever customer purchases the products from Benetton, they can receive the voucher every time, the customers can collect it and exchange to a member card, it will give a discount whenever customers purchase the products from Benetton. 11 Benetton is a world famous clothing producer which launched in 1984 by Luciano Benetton. The family has an annual turnover of 2.0 billion euros. Benetton presents their products in 120 countries in the world. Except for "United Colors of Benetton", they developed other brands, such as Sisley, Playlife and Killer Loop. Almost 90% of the products are manufactured in Europe. Its distribution network is around 5,000 stores around the world, and there is an increasing trend on large floor-space point of sale offering high quality customer services and new generates. (www.benetton.com) The company has great negotiating power over its subcontractors, about 80 per cent of the manufacturing is done by 600 subcontractors in Italy. Benetton just focus on it's design and dyeing. Most of garments are produced in white and dyed by Benetton's fashion experts who decide the colors of the season, the company produces over 100 million garments every year, so there are keen competition between the suppliers. They both wants to be Benetton's suppliers. (www.benetton.com) Benetton's Campaign Objectives and Initiatives Objectives This report aims to look at the current and future market of Benetton Group, and evaluate the marketing communications strategy in Taiwan; it will identify the problems or positive issues and provide a recommendation of the communication mix. Furthermore, it will build a communication strategy and set up milestones for the plan which includes appropriate media and provide a budget for the company. Initiatives To achieve the aims, research objectives should be set up, and then it can be plan for it. There are several initiatives: To identify the message they wish to convey and associate with the brand To discover more customers in

Work in the Nursing Profession Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Work in the Nursing Profession - Case Study Example Most of the older people have multiple pathologies or diagnoses, but more often many symptoms are erroneously attributed to the older age, and no single cause should be ignored since it may lead to catastrophic consequences. With this background, the case history of Molly can be analyzed further to answer the questions related to her present illness. This 80-year-old widow for 2 years lives alone in her own house and is currently finding it very difficult to stay there. She has a large family of six children, all of whom are married, and although close to them, she is now finding it difficult to adjust. She had a chance of outing with these grandchildren, but their play and noise recently is falling on her nerves. It may be due to irritability due to some other reason. With the outing being brought to an end, she has been rendered more home bound. At home, she enjoys her television and garden, although it is doubtful as to how much gardening she can do herself. Medically, she is under care of her primary care physician for last 40 years, and her medications include prescription medications for arthritis, asthma, and heart problems. She has arthritis in almost all of her joints, and an aggravation of this problem and the pain associated with it has led to her increased consumption of over-the-counter pain relief medications and h eartburn medications. Moreover, the arthritis has aggravated to an extent that she needs to use walking stick, and her exercise has almost come to an end leading to restriction in mobility and gain in weight. She could manage to go to the local chemist for vitamins commuting in a bus, but that now seems improbable. Over the top of it recently, she does not seem to be able to manage her accounts efficiently. Many a times recently, she went shopping without money, and this forgetfulness has been noticed by the family members, and she gets irritated when somebody mentions this to her. Social contacts constricting, she has thus been left with her pastimes of reading, gardening, and television watching. In this admission, she had a fall in her garden leading to facial injury and hematoma and fracture neck of femur on the right hand side making a case for surgical procedure and acute hospital admission. It is expected that she would recover soon and be discharged home in a dependent condi tion needing home health assistance and care. She is not open to having someone unknown coming to her house and caring for her. Molly would need community care, and before instituting care, an assessment is necessary. One of her most important problems from the community care point of view is her recent confusion and intellectual failure making her dependent on others. Falls are comparatively recent additions to her condition that makes her vulnerable and dependent on others needing adjustments or constant watch. His prolonged arthritis would have led to contracture deformities in most of her joints restricting her mobility further die to loss of range of motion and painful joint conditions over the top of her age-related hypertension and onset of dementia. Her immobility predisposes her to many complications such as falls that has occurred, urinary incontinence, infections, pressure sores, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism, and the care that would be planned in the community level would need sharp attention to prevent these (Carmody and Forster, 2003, 1-11). This lady has thus all, impairment,

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Marketing Report -- Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing Report -- Case Study - Essay Example Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 4 Marketing Situation 4 Marketing Strategies 5 Motivation of Employees 6 Building Blocks of Internal Marketing 6 Implementation of Internal Marketing Activities 7 Current Marketing Strategies 9 Alternative Strategy and Their Impact 9 1. Centralized Strategic Planning Resource 9 2. Senior Management Participation 10 3. Performance Appraisal Criteria 10 Recommendation 11 Conclusion 12 References 13 Marketing Situation In today’s competitive market, customer satisfaction is an important factor that should be undertaken by every organization. The theoretical context of customer satisfaction was first operationalized in the year 1985. Customers can be satisfied once the organization is able to identify the expectation level of the customers. The company will be able to achieve the expectation level of the customer only if the internal employees are happy and satisfied. The employees are internal customers for the organization, thus, it is neces sary to take care of their staffs or employees because they are involved in assisting the customers. In ING Direct call centre department, the calls are answered by their employees. The employee motivation is also an important way to meet the customers’ expectation and therefore the company will be able to achieve the sustainable growth. ... ING Direct is also highly dependent on the employees’ satisfaction as the company provides financial services where the employees have the responsibility to interact with the customers for generating their faith and trust (Rafiq & Ahmed, 2000). Marketing Strategies The strategies are the plans of an organization to achieve goals and objectives which show direction to the organization. The strategies are developed at different levels such as corporate, business, divisional and departmental level. All the strategies are integrated to form a plan for the organization as a whole. The support from the other components of business unit function such as production, finance and R&D are necessary to achieve the marketing objectives. Every department is inter-related and has to combine together in an integrated manner while taking a strategic decision (Corey, 2003). Marketing strategies mainly focus on long term competitive and consumer advantages and are composed of different elements. These are the strategies related to selection of product and market, deciding the price of a product, finding out the best possible distribution system, i.e. wholesale or retail channel and creating awareness of the product to different customers through advertisement in newspaper, television and others (Corey, 2003). The strategies are driven by cost, technology, distribution, service or other competitive advantages of the firm to turn out to be successful, but the company is required to be consistent with customers’ needs, perception and preferences (Wind & Robertson, 1983). According to Mornay Roberts-Lombard (2007), internal marketing emphasizes on the teamwork of the employees in developing and retaining successful business strategies. The internal marketing means that

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Business (Strategic Management) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business (Strategic Management) - Essay Example fficers—make use of strategic management plans, guidelines and projects, which may be outdated since these were implemented by the company’s deceased founder. Members of the board of directors sit back and just wait for the officers to submit plans for new projects, which officers never manage to prepare because they are too focused on daily operations. Entrepreneurship Management, meanwhile, involves having powerful officers, especially the CEO or the founder, with the board of directors taking a back seat. Top management, alone or with a select team, makes the decisions with the board acting as a minor approving body (Haddad & Esposito, 2008; Eisenhardt, 1989). This style of management is said to have the potential for officers to abuse their power, a situation that may be detrimental for the company’s investors. However, certain situations such as changes in policies or management may necessitate a top management that is strong and authorized to make on-the-spot decisions. Beam and Carey (1989) point out that companies that are just starting out require a structure that gives centralized power to the chief executive officer or the founder, who, in turn, must make full use of their skills and capabilities to solve all of the problems and challenges that companies just starting out inevitably encounter. Haddad and Esposito (2008) point to Wal-Mart’s previous CEO David Glass when the company was on the brink of becoming a major store. Like Mr. Glass, top management must be able to handle immediately and independently challenges such as determining the source of funds for the new company or the best way to get funds for a company going through a major restructuring. On the other hand, the level of authority given to top officers is quite reversed when a company uses the style called Marionette Management, which is also called Stipendiary Management (Srinivasan, 2006). In this structure, the power is in the hands of the members of the board of directors,

Monday, July 22, 2019

Irish immigrants Essay Example for Free

Irish immigrants Essay When the Irish began arriving in America in large numbers in the 1840s, they were generally destitute and unskilled, and for decades they occupied the lowest levels of American society, often trapped in menial jobs like domestic service or difficult, often dangerous jobs like railroad and canal construction.   According to historian Paul Boyer, â€Å"Irish immigrants entered the work force at the bottom.   Paddy with his pickax and Bridget the maid were simultaneously stereotypes and realities† (Boyer et al 273).   However, they rose quickly in America compared to other immigrants groups, mainly because of several advantages. Their ability to speak English certainly helped them, giving them advantages that later immigrants from non-English-speaking nations did not immediately have.   In occupations like factory labor, they were able to rise more quickly than other immigrants, slowly moving up the social ladder.   In addition, they gradually More importantly, the urban Irish became active in politics, particularly within the Democratic Party, which appealed to the new arrivals and offered them assistance in finding housing and jobs in exchange for votes.   This gave the Irish a wide array of opportunities, moving from unskilled labor into better-paying blue-collar positions as firefighters, police officers, and workers in city departments like sanitation, water, and streets. By 1900, the Irish had already ascended through the working class and were making headway in the middle class, and this progress accelerated as later immigrants from southern and eastern Europe began arriving by the millions.   The head start they enjoyed in arriving sooner than most other ethnic groups, their knowledge of English, and their affinity for politics all combined to give Irish immigrants advantages that other immigrant groups would not enjoy to the same degree. Boyer, Paul et al.   The Enduring Vision.   Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Examining The Sexual Assault Criminology Essay

Examining The Sexual Assault Criminology Essay When someone hears the words sex offender or sexual assault, the typical response is fear. The atrocious acts carried out by some sex offenders are very hard for the public to understand, and present society with complex challenges. Society often finds it easier to turn a blind eye to the crime, lock up the offender and throw away the key than attempt to address the challenge appropriately. There is a lack of public understanding toward sex offenders for the most part. This paper is intended to not only try to explain the psychology of the sexual offender but to also dispel the myth of the untreatable sex offender, and provide conclusive evidence that sex offender treatment is not only possible but to a large extent is successful in reducing the recidivism of sex offenders. Treatment and rehabilitation have been central to the development of criminal justice policy, and have played an important role in the development of criminology. In recent years punishment and retribution have at tracted more attention than rehabilitation, but there has been a resurgence of interest in treatment and rehabilitation, with indications that some things do work, and an emphasis on evidence-based policy making. It is also the belief of many that a penal policy without an adequate treatment strategy is unjust and a denial of human rights. Sexual Offenders There are three types of sex offenders determined by the courts who have to report to the sheriff. In an effort to decrease the incidence of sexual assault, legislators have passed regulatory laws aimed at reducing recidivism among convicted sexual offenders. As a result, sex offenders living in the United States are bound by multiple policies, including registration, community notification, monitoring via a global positioning system, civil commitment, and residency, loitering, and Internet restrictions (Bonnar-Kidd, 2010). First is the Sexually Oriented Offenders. No community notification is needed, but the offender must report to law enforcement for a given time, usually ten years. Next is the Habitual Sex Offender. If directed by the Court, law enforcement may notify the community and the offender must report annually for usually a set twenty years. Finally is the Sexual Predators whose guidelines are much stricter. Unless a Judge terminates the sexual predator title, the offende r must verify their residence every ninety days and law enforcement is required to notify the community in which the offender lives that they do indeed have a sexual offender in the area. Among those that need to be notified are neighbors within a 1000 foot radius of the offenders residence, school superintendents, day care operators, and local law enforcement. Different Types of Sexual Offenders Of the three groups, incest child molesters were the least likely to sexually recidivate, at a rate of 8.4% (Hanson, 2001). This finding carries with it many important implications for treatment. Since the rate is relatively low, it has traditionally been believed that the best form of treatment for incest child molesters is a minimally intrusive form of therapy that reduces sexual recidivism According to Hansons study (2001); rapists were the second most likely group of sex offenders to sexually recidivate, at a rate of 17.1%. Most research done on rapists indicates that they are a distinct group of offenders who are distinguishable from child molesters. For instance, rapists tend to be younger than child molesters, each having average ages of 32.1 and 38, respectively (Hanson, 2001). More importantly, a meta-analysis of sex offender treatment programs found that rapists were more likely to recidivate non-sexually than were child molesters (Hanson Bussiere, 1996). In fact, it has been noted that rapists share more characteristics with the general criminal population than do child molesters. Characteristics that identify general criminals, such as prior criminal records and antisocial personality, are similar to characteristics that identify rapists. Furthermore, research has found that rapists are more likely than are child molesters to breach their conditional release. In one sample of 132 subjects who were conditionally released, 40.7% of rapists breached, while only 25% of child molesters did so (Barbaree, Seto Maric, 1996). Of the three groups of sex offenders classified by Hanson (2001), the highest rate of sexual recidivism (19.5%) was recorded for non-incest child molesters. These offenders are at significant risk of reoffending throughout their lives (Hanson, Steffy Gauthier, 1992). A research study that illustrates this point examined the long term recidivism of child molesters. In the study, these offenders were classified into three groups: a treated group; control group one; and control group two. Both control groups were used to control for cohort effects. A total of 197 child molesters, a majority of them being non-incest child molesters, released from Canadian correctional facilities between 1958 and 1974 were tracked over an extensive period of time (31 years for control group one offenders). Results showed that 42% of the total sample was reconvicted for a sexual and/or violent offence. The long term risk of recidivism for non-incest child molesters is based on the fact that 10% of the tot al sample was reconvicted between 10 and 31 years after release. Causes of Sexual Offenses These theories suggest that there are factors at the individual level that contribute to the likelihood of a person committing sexually violent acts. The variables that have been explored in the research range from biological factors to personality characteristics to attitudes and beliefs. 1. Evolution It is suggested within this theory; strategies that have successfully reproduced our ancestors have resulted in the differences between men and women in current human mating. This is an often debated theory which is not widely accepted amongst those in this field. An example why could be that evolutionary theories do not address the large number of assaults regarding oral/anal penetration or of those involving same sex or those who are prepubescent. Those who tend to favor the evolutionary explanations for modern behavior even tend to acknowledge that sexual assault cannot be blamed on evolution alone. 2. Physiology and Neurophysiology The cause of sexual assault may be found in hormones and other chemicals in the body, as well as head traumas or brain abnormalities. Researchers in this area have found a correlation between testosterone levels in humans and aggression However, it is still not clear if it is whether the testosterone levels lead to aggressive behavior or rise as a result of aggressive behavior. Trauma and violence have been proven to have effects on neurotransmitters, brain function, and hormones. Studies examining brain injuries and abnormalities suggest trauma and violence can lead to an increase in battering behavior, as well as other violent or impulsive acts. 3. Alcohol Considerable evidence links alcohol and physical aggression. Alcohol use is involved in up to 75% of acquaintance rapes. Alcohol affects mens perception of womens sexual intent. Many men perceive alcohol as a sexual cue; thus, alcohol increases the likelihood that friendliness will be misperceived as sexual intent and that a man will feel comfortable forcing sex after misperceiving a womans cues. In short, perpetrators are more aggressive and victims less effective at setting boundaries and defending themselves when drinking alcohol. While it is very commonly involved in sexual assaults, many people drink on a daily basis without committing a violent act or engaging in violent behavior, as well as quite the percentage of assaults committed without any presence of alcohol. Clearly, the use or abuse of alcohol does not entirely account for the incidence of sexual assault in our society. 4. Psychopathology and Personality Traits Men who rape have been diagnosed with a wide variety of disorders from personality to psychiatric, most often being antisocial personality disorder. Nonetheless, no significant differences between sexual offenders and nonsexual offenders incarcerated have been found within personality tests. The degree of involvement in sexually coercive behavior appears to be related to personality measures of irresponsibility, a lack of social conscience, and a value orientation legitimizing aggression, particularly against women. Investigators have concluded that sexual aggression is determined by many factors. In fact, it has been said that the personality profile of convicted rapists more closely matches the personality profile of men in the general population than any other set of felons. 5. Attitudes and Gender Schemas Sexually aggressive men are more likely to believe myths about rape and that use of interpersonal violence is an effective strategy for resolving conflict than are non-aggressive men. These sorts of beliefs may serve as rationalizations for sexual offenders, allowing them to imagine their victims wanted or deserved the sexual acts forced upon them. Once men have developed attitudes that support violence against women, they are likely to misconstrue ambiguous evidence as a confirmation of what they already believed. Acceptance of rape myths is strongly related to adversarial sexual beliefs, tolerance of interpersonal violence, and gender role stereotyping. 6. Sex and Power Motives Research has confirmed that anger and power are the biggest motivating factors in a rapists rationalizations for sexual aggression than sexual desires are. And sexually aggressive men openly admit that their sexual fantasies are aggressive and sadistic. 7. Relationship Context The stage of relationship between a man and a woman may affect the probability of violence. Some research suggests that men who rape on first or second dates may have similarities to stranger rapists, while men who rape early in what otherwise appears to be a developing relationship may simply misperceive their partners intent. Variables that appear to be risk factors are the mans initiating the date, paying all the expenses, and driving; miscommunication about sex; heavy alcohol or drug use; parking; and mens acceptance of traditional sex roles, interpersonal violence, adversarial attitudes about relationships, and rape myths. Societal Influences Another body of theories suggests that socio-cultural factors contribute to the occurrence of sexual violence. These theories suggest that our society tacitly accepts and encourages sexual violence through expectations and cultural morà ©s, which are transmitted through our history, families, media and institutions. 8. History The history of our societys understanding of sexual violence has its roots in English property law. Rape entered the law à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ as a property crime of man against man. Woman, of course, was viewed as the property.1 The law assumed marriage vows implied consent to sexual relations, and men were permitted to use whatever force necessary to gain sexual access to their wives. The issue of sexual assault would not enter the consciousness of the U.S. public until the feminist movement of the 1960s. Feminists saw rape as a mechanism for maintaining patriarchy, a violent means of inducing fear in women and reinforcing their subordination to men. This perspective has shaped the way our culture defines and understands sexual assault today. 9. Family Sexual violence endures in human societies, according to this paradigm, because it is modeled by influential members of our society and has positive results for the perpetrator. Children who are exposed to violence between their parents are more likely to be involved in violent intimate relationships as adults. The structure of the family seems to have an impact on the attitudes and behaviors of children raised in them. Violent sex offenders have been found to be more likely than other adults to have experienced poor parental child-rearing, poor supervision, physical abuse, neglect, and separations from their parents. 10. Sexual Expectations and Rape Myths Expectations transmitted by our culture typically encourage men to feel superior, entitled, and that they should be always on the lookout for and ready to initiate sex in their relationships with women. At the same time, these sexual scripts teach women to feel responsible for setting the limits and pace of sexual contact in their relationships with men. Rape myths typically deny the existence of sexual assault, excuse it, and minimize the seriousness of its effects. Acceptance of rape myths is correlated with sexually aggressive behavior. 11. Cultural Mores Studies by anthropologists demonstrate the critical role that socio-cultural mores play in defining and promoting violence against women. Cultures differ in the amount of intimate partner violence, as well as the acceptability of this violence. Nearly all societies tolerate rape and have mechanisms that perpetuate violence. 12. Media From the early days of the modern womens movement, feminists contended that pornography encouraged sexual aggression towards women by portraying them as nothing more than sex objects, a view that is supported in the research. It is depictions of violence against women, rather than sexually graphic material that encourage acceptance of violence and callousness toward women who are its victims. Television and movies often send the message that violence works. 13. Schools and Other Influences Schools contribute to socialization supportive of violent behavior when they reinforce sex role stereotypes and attitudes that condone the use of violence. Participation in team sports may increase the risk of sexual aggression. Peers are more influential in shaping individual behavior than biology, personality, family, religion, or culture. Treatment of Sex Offenders Cognitive/Behavioral Therapy A weekly cognitive/behavioral group therapy session is offered to allow offenders to deal with their offence patterns, in order to prevent further offences. The session is based on the premise that sexual offending is fantasy driven behavior and, as such, offenders are required to record and discuss their sexual fantasies. The offenders record data in fantasy logs detailing the number and content of their sexual fantasies. The number of fantasies that the youths were able to stop, masturbatory frequency and the frequency and effectiveness of prevention strategies are also recorded in the fantasy journal. Then, information given by the offender is analyzed, in order to uncover and appropriately deal with cognitive distortions that permit and reinforce deviant fantasies. Deviant fantasies are discouraged, and appropriate sexual fantasies are encouraged. Psychotherapy The second type of treatment provided at Counterpoint House is psychotherapy, which is also offered in a group counseling setting once a week. These spontaneous, non-agenda driven group is based on the idea that sex offenders live secret lives, and are often victims of sexual abuse themselves. For example, Aylwin, et. al. (in press) found that among 103 adolescent child molesters, 77.9% were sexually abused at some point in their lives. The Counterpoint House Program acknowledges this correlation and attempts to address issues surrounding sexual abuse while treating adolescent sex offenders. The theme of the psychotherapy group is getting out the secrets, and success in the group is measured by an offenders participation, personal disclosure, ability to discuss sexual offending issues knowledgeably and ability to provide insight into personal and other group member issues. It has been noted by Counterpoint House staff that the psychotherapy group is where offenders in the program lea rn to trust and feel support, often for the first time. From this sense of trust and support, offenders are able to disclose relevant issues about themselves, and help treatment efforts progress with more ease. Furthermore, issues brought up in the psychotherapy group are followed up in individual counseling sessions that are carried out on an ongoing basis by most staff members involved in the Counterpoint House Program. Also, issues raised in individual counseling sessions are often later disclosed in the group sessions, so that the offender can gain the benefit of his peers insights into the issues and obtain necessary support. Skills Therapy Skills therapy is divided into three eight week sections that include: anger management, relapse prevention and psychosexual education. The anger management component assumes that sex offenders have anger management difficulties, and that sexual offences are one of the manifestations of this misplaced anger. Counterpoint House staff have developed their own program for addressing anger management of adolescent sex offenders, that encompasses 13 sessions where offenders learn about various anger management issues. Triggers, reactions and consequences of expressions of anger are explored, as well as the presentation of various models of anger. Additionally, cognitive distortions surrounding destructive expressions of anger are identified, and attempts are made to eliminate such distortions. Finally, in the latter sessions, a distinction is made between aggressive and assertive behavior. The main goal of anger management therapy is to replace destructive expressions of an ger with appropriate methods of communicating. Sex Offender Rehabilitation Program The Sex Offender Education Program (SOEP) is a four month program that assists sex offenders who pose a lower risk of re-offense or who is about to be released on a long term of supervision. The curriculum provides information on varying topics such as cognitive restructuring, healthy sexuality, interpersonal relationships and anger/stress management. The Sex Offender Treatment Program (SOTP) is an eighteen month program that deals with intensive treatment in an environment within a therapeutic community for sexual offenders that pose a high risk of re-offense. In this setting, offenders are offered immediate feedback regarding their treatment progress as well as behavior. The SOTP employs a cognitive-behavioral model within three treatment phases. The main goal within this program is to attempt to eliminate or possibly reduce the re-offense rate and move the participant toward a more pro-social lifestyle. All three phases occur in a Therapeutic Community environment, providing neces sary behavior modifiers that allow offenders immediate feedback about their behavior and treatment progress. Conclusion Although there have been many noteworthy research studies on sex offender recidivism in the past few decades, the factors that are associated or trigger re-offense are not concrete. Communication must be open between the justice system, researchers and Doctors that treat sexual offenders. Ultimately, with the gathering of information, the goal is to avoid repeat offenders from committing the crimes again and again. By studying these offenders, strategies could possibly be effectively managed so that these offenders can integrate back into normal society without fear. Through research and therapy, the goals are to prevent future victimization and a safer community. Strategies can be morphed by following the latest studies into re-offense so that those safety goals can be reached. While you can never know what is going on within a persons head completely, through study and research, a glimpse within the sexual offenders mind can be seen. Since there is no direct link between the amount of incarceration and recidivism, it is difficult to know with certainty if incarceration is truly the best, and main, tool to use. Whether with incarceration and therapy combined can truly change the mind of a sexual offender or deviant, remains to be seen. However, with the end goal being to keep our communities safe and have one less victim have to suffer through the aftermath and devastation of a sexual assault, more research of the criminals mind is an absolute must.

Availability of Tescos Fresh Vegetables Supply Chain

Availability of Tescos Fresh Vegetables Supply Chain 1. Introduction Supply chain which now is recognized as a typical complicated network is formed by a vast number of suppliers and subcontractors (Derek L. Waller, 2003). They transport product to consumer through value-add processes in attempt to create superior customer value (Martin Christopher, 2005). There are three interdependent flow streams (Derek L. Waller, 2003) involved in supply chain to guarantee its functions running well. Material flow stream which stars from the upstream supplier to final consumer takes a responsibility of conveying finished goods from raw materials to finished goods. Therefore, it is the most crucial element in supply chain. Another one is information flow stream which is a two-way flow stream. High efficient supply chain is based on the fluent interchange of information. The better communication, the better collaboration and the faster responses supply chain has. For example, suppliers could satisfy their changeable customers quickly with the help of timely and accu rate information about demand. The third one is financial flow stream of which direction is opposite to material flow. It plays like a carrier of profit to stimulate everyone in supply chain performs better. Besides, a well-run financial flow reduces the risks in account receivable, consequently, increase reliable in relationship between supplier and subcontractor. (Warren H. Hausman, no date). Supply chain place a significant position in developing organization itself and enhanced its market reputation. It helps company provide right product at right time in right place and response change quickly. Tesco and Marks Spenser, who have 2282(2009) and over 600 stores (2009) respectively around UK are two of the most popular retailers. They compete advantageously on field of fresh vegetables sector through providing convenient, safety and low price goods. Traditional farm markets and vegetable stores which can be found everywhere in past time now have nearly been replaced by various supermarkets. Tesco, the British retail giant, occupies an significant role in grocery market in the UK. It was the 56th in fortune 500 list of 2009, according to 94,300.4 million revenue (Fortune, 2009). Taylor Nelson Sofres World Panel market share data (2009) stated that Tesco’s market share in grocery increasing to 30.7% in November, 2009. Fresh food, such as vegetables, meat, fruit, because of it’s highly amount of consumption every day plays an increasing contribution in supermarket profit. Discussing the prime reasons what cause fresh food shortage on shelves is valuable because reta ilers only can create profit when their product are consumed by customers (Ronald H. Ballou, 2004). What’s more, it is easy to be annoyed that a customer come into a supermarket and found what he/she wants is empty. Whatever the customer choose to buy another replaceable product (supermarket still earn profit) or to go to another shop which can meet their demand well (supermarket lost profit), his/her loyalty would be damaged. Such decrease of loyalty is a great uncountable loss for supermarket. 2. Data collection This research was carried out on the 07, November, 2009 by visiting Tesco. Data was recorded at two different times during that day. What are organized in the following tables are the running-out items we collected at half past one and at a quarter to four in Tesco. It aims to study the on-shelf unavailability as well as the efficiency of replenishment on sector of vegetable in Tesco. Table 1 collected at half past one Item name price status promotion Asparagus Large Bundle ï ¿ ¡3 Contemporary out of stock  Ã‚   N T. Organic Asparagus Bundle 200g ï ¿ ¡1.99 Contemporary out of stock N Tesco Casserole Vegetables 450g ï ¿ ¡1.5 Contemporary out of stock N Tesco Spinach 260g ï ¿ ¡1 Contemporary out of stock N Market Value Broccoli catchweight ï ¿ ¡1.48/kg unavailable N Leeks Loose Class II ï ¿ ¡1.98/kg unavailable N Runner Beans 225g ï ¿ ¡1 Contemporary out of stock Save 50p Tesco Hand Shelled Garden Peas 120g ï ¿ ¡1 Contemporary out of stock 3 forï ¿ ¡2.5 Tesco Butternut Wedges 150g ï ¿ ¡1 Contemporary out of stock 3 forï ¿ ¡2.5 Table 2 collected at a quarter to four Item name price Status promotion Celery Each ï ¿ ¡0.78 unavailable N Tesco Lancashire Round Lettuce ï ¿ ¡0.50 unavailable N Broccoli 335g ï ¿ ¡0.50 unavailable N Market Value Broccoli Catchweight ï ¿ ¡1.48/kg Contemporary out of stock N Tesco Spinach 260g ï ¿ ¡1 Contemporary out of stock N Tesco Winter Vegetable 250g ï ¿ ¡1.5 Contemporary out of stock N Tesco casserole Vegetables 450g ï ¿ ¡1.5 Contemporary out of stock N T.Organic Asparagus Bundle 200g ï ¿ ¡1.99 Contemporary out of stock N Asparagus Large Bundle ï ¿ ¡3 Contemporary out of stock N Runner Beans 225g ï ¿ ¡1 unavailable Save 50p Tesco Bean Sprouts 335g ï ¿ ¡0.48 unavailable N Tesco Finest Tender stem Broccoli 200g ï ¿ ¡1.25 unavailable N Tesco Butternut Wedges 150g ï ¿ ¡1 Contemporary out of stock 3 forï ¿ ¡2.5 Tesco Hand Shelled Garden Peas 120g ï ¿ ¡1 Contemporary out of stock 3 forï ¿ ¡2.5 Chicory 180g ï ¿ ¡1 unavailable N According to these two tables, it can be seen clearly that status of contemporary on-shelf unavailable items are classified as ‘unavailable’ and ‘contemporary out of stock’. Such classification is on the basis of fact found in Tesco. In Tesco, some of the labels of empty shelves are informed ‘contemporary out of stock’ with a little red card while the rest which are represented as ‘unavailable’ in tables are without any explanation. Compared these two tables, except Market Value Broccoli Catchweight and Runner Beans (225g), items are shown ‘unavailable’ in table one disappear in table two. That refers to they were replenished during two hours. Market Value Broccoli Catchweight was checked the inventory and labeled signal of stock-out after 2 hours. The most standing out items in tables 2 is Runner Beans (225g) which is still as the same ‘unavailable’ status as in table 1. Without considered human’s e rror, it might be attributed to that these items sold out again after it was replenished. Because these data was not recorded for a series time, they may be limited for appreciating the efficiency of on-shelf replenishment in Tesco. It is possible that Tesco check its inventory once five hours and we just record for the last two hours by chance. However, the Runner Beans empty again and there was no stuff working for replenishment when we were collecting data evidence to a certain extent that Tesco does not realize up-to-date on-shelf replenishment. 3. Comparisons with Marks Spenser Marks Spencer (M S), which has been grown for more than 100 years, performs well to satisfy the British middle class with high quality service as well as reasonable price. Because of reliable reputation in marketplace, M S asserts as one of the stronger competitors to Tesco. The following data is what collected on the same day at 2.02 in attempt to compare what are differences in on-shelf availability between Tesco and M S. Table 3 collected at two o’clock Item name price status promotion Chopped Tomatoes 400g ï ¿ ¡0.59 unavailable N Miniature New Potatoes 500g ï ¿ ¡1.99 unavailable N Chopin Jacket Potatoes 700g ï ¿ ¡1.69 unavailable N 4 Jacket potatoes 800g ï ¿ ¡1.49 unavailable N Peas 400g ï ¿ ¡1.99 unavailable 3 forï ¿ ¡5 Young Garden Peas 170g ï ¿ ¡1.69 unavailable N Peas sweet corn and broccoli layer 360g ï ¿ ¡1.69 unavailable 2 forï ¿ ¡3 Classic Layered Vegetables 320g ï ¿ ¡1.99 unavailable 2 forï ¿ ¡3 Carrot, Cauliflower and sprouts 400g ï ¿ ¡1 unavailable Half price Sweetheart Cabbage Chard Medley 160g ï ¿ ¡1.8 unavailable 2 forï ¿ ¡3 Sea salt and peper new potatoes385g ï ¿ ¡o.89 unavailable N As what was seen in M S, all the on-shelf unavailable items were not be labeled out of stock marks. It is difficult to identify if they are out of stock or just contemporary unavailable. Based on the performances on shelves, MS had serious shortage in potato while there was sufficient storage in Tesco. However, those contemporary out of stock items in Tesco such as asparagus, broccoli, and runner beans are available in M S. The obvious difference between Tesco and M S is that there are staffs to replenish to shelves continually when I was recording data in MS. Something in table 3 was available just after recording time 10 minutes, which refers to a certain extent that shelf replenishment in M S is better than Tesco. 4. Problems in supply chain The direct reasons which take account of shortage represented on shelves can be divided simply into two types. One owes to the out-of-time delivery between warehouse and shelves. Another one is because of the out of stock in warehouse. Customers only purchase goods which are displayed on shelves but which stay in warehouse or are out of stock. Whatever which reason, it results to a loss of supermarket’s reputation and sales. It is necessary to study the problems existing in supply chain, which cause on-shelf unavailability in Tesco. Supply chain is responsible significantly to address stockouts. Not only does an efficient supply chain help Tesco to reduce costs of warehouse and of purchasing through faster goods turnover but also attract customers by providing high quality service through satisfying them at any given time. In angle of supply chain, these problems might be found in retailer (Tesco) itself, in suppliers as well as between them. 4.1. Tesco departments Specifically, the problems which influence availability on shelves when there are goods in store are possibly attributed to unclear division of labor or lack of shelves management even inefficient inventory control within supermarket. Indeed, advanced stock control technology like Point of Sale (POS) and modem management software enable to trace real time selling quantity and maintain stock level automatically. However, if the up-to-date data is generated without arising notice and being responded quickly, it is still useless. Take an example to explain matters of collaboration between departments. Supposed one type of item on shelves are running out and computer system reminder to replenish. Definitely it is time to delivery goods to shelves at once. However, selling department does not notice unavailability of goods on shelf or even just play Ping-Pong (Richard Bell, 2004) with stock department when it received the restoring requirement. Selling staff carry out nothing except waiti ng for the stock department to solve the problem while the later one are considering that selling department should take responsibility of replenishment. As the time pass, because of on-shelf shortage, customer lose. In addition, lack of shelf management also causes ‘stockouts’. What is common to be seen in TESCO is that different items on shelves are mixed together or that one type of item is displayed at different places. Customers are difficult to find what they want exactly in such disorder display. It is quite often that goods considered unavailable is actually hidden by other goods or is exhibited at another place. In addition, the unbalancing allocation of on-shelf space is another typical reason of emptying shelf in Tesco. On the same shelf, some are running out easily while others are excess. Inadequate shelf space of fast sellers increases the frequency of replenishment and risk of empty shelf. 4.2. Inventory management 4.2.1. Inventory control The problem may exist in Tesco inventory control if stockouts happens in warehouse. There is no doubt that shelf time of fresh vegetable is extremely shorter than other regular product. Fresh vegetables attract customers to purchase on the basis of high quality physical appearances and short best-used date because these two factors can transfer information that foods are fresh and without any artificial additives (Derek L. Waller, 2003). These two safety signals are what customers concern when they are purchasing. In the case of that, supermarkets try to keep the minimum inventory of fresh food as possible. Both supplier and retailer tend to make this type of goods turnover through the supply chain quickly. On one hand, minimum inventory level is helpful to decrease the wastage costs because it reduces the risk of perishing. The less fresh food are storied in the warehouse, the more possible to sell them out before the best display day. On the other hand, minimum inventory is likely to increase the rate of contemporary out of stock. Guiding by minimum inventory management, retailer tend to reduce the amount of reorder point. It means lessen the goods which are used to maintain sales during delivery lead time. When market demand exceeds what is forecasted, the probability of stockouts increases. Goods are easy to be sold out during a short time if there is not enough storage available in warehouse. For example, supposed Tesco decreased the reorder point from 7 to 4 and safety inventory maintain 3. The delivery lead time is 3 days. Both these two levels of stock can afford if the actual sales number is 2 per day on average during delivery period. However, if the market demand increase to 3 per day actually, the lower stock level will lead to out of stock. 4.2.2. Inventory order 4.2.2.1. Forecasting An inaccurate forecast result into a wrong ordering requirement directly. It is another possible reason of stockouts. Because of impossible to capture future real selling data, all the inventory order are estimated on the basis of forecasting future market demand. Undoubtedly, a pessimistic forecast quite probably results in stockouts. This mainly causes by that forecasting pessimistically is likely lower than what occurs actually. As the retailer seeks to minimize cost in a forecasted difficult market conditions, they try to reduce inventory order quantity. While the actual demand is much higher than what ordered even stock can not afford during delivery lead time, stockouts occurs. What’s more, forecasting inventory order point is a sophisticated means which requires taking into account market demand trend, financial flow, lead time, and storage turnover etc. Under certain curriculums, it is difficulty to make sure that every element involved is as expected. For example, bef ore Christmas day, an optimistic forecasting market demand of tomato sales in Tesco during that period is 300per day, and a pessimistic predicted market demand is 150 per day. However, the actual demand is 500 per day which is much higher than what forecasted both optimistically and pessimistically. Supposed the delivery lead time is one day, reorder point is 300 and safety inventory is 100. Tomato is going to be out of stock whatever it is optimistic or pessimistic forecast. 4.2.2.2. Information transportation Roland Vaxelaire, the president and CEO of Carrefour Belgium maitained that almost 80 percent of these problems are driven from the matters in transportation of information such as delayed, inaccurate, and irrelevant, (Richard Bell, 2004) which also could make goods out of stock. Take information transformation delayed as an example. An excess order requirement for promotion was send from retailer to its supplier too late. It is likely that supplier could not prepare enough goods at given time. If customers’ demand exceed the total that rest in warehouse, goods will be contemporary out to sock. 4.3. Supplier The next reason of stockouts that bear in mind is supplier’s own problems such as delivering delayed or delivering less than what ordered or even delivering wrong goods. These mistakes might be driven from accident like strike or vegetables sick or poor management in supplier’s organization such as inefficient working and dispatching order to a wrong object. All of these could leave supermarkets empty because retailers have not enough good to replenish for continuing sale. In addition, what make empty in warehouse may owe to the inharmonic relationship between retailer and supplier. It is common that a company plays as a supplier to several retailers like TESCO and ASDA at the same time. If the fresh food is limited, supplier is probably to fulfill it customer (assumed it is ASDA) who is more important and closer at first. In that case, Tesco will be out of stock. Additionally, Grocery is a kind of price-sensitive goods (Marshall L. Fisher, 1997) which is usually appli ed price promotion to stimulate sales by retailer. In attempt to ensure the profit and develop market at a lower price, retailer always tries to slash the purchase price of fresh foods. What they do like that is adverse to corporation with supplier. If the disagreement is too serious to be overcome, supplier will stop to proving goods. That is why poor relationship with supplier is risky to be out of stock. 5. Solution 5.1. Optimize internal management On-shelf availability is a crucial standard of evaluating customer service and working efficiency of a supermarket. According to passage of stockouts causes walkouts (2004), 21% to 43% customers turn to other shops for purchasing when they are facing stockouts (Daniel Corsten Thomas Gruen, 2004). Tesco will lose profit because of their customer leaving with empty hand. In groceries sector, TESCO has been witnessed its lack of supply chain efficiency and response. The possible problems what mentioned above absolutely result in obvious on-shelf unavailability of fresh vegetables. For beating these drawback, there are a vast of measures must be carried out by TSCO to integrate its supply chain so that minimize costs and qualify services. It is necessary for TESCO to clear division of labor between departments to avoid confusing of responsibility. It must be made clearly that if the product is in store but out of stock on the shelves, which apartment and who should take responsibility on it. If possible, TESCO had better to appoint someone who might be the manager of selling department or of store department to manage delivering goods to shelves. In addition, Tesco should reorganize the allocation of shelf. Fast selling items which are easy to be running out should allocate more space than unpopular goods. In that case, fast sellers do not need to replenish on shelves frequently. This approach is useful to save the cost of replenishing staff and improve the on-shelf ability of popular fresh foods. 5.2. Reorganize inventory control Along with growing attention to freshness and healthy of food, retailers are facing challenges to implement smaller order, faster inventory turnover and increasing delivery frequencies on fresh food inventory control(Derek L. Waller, 2003). For lessen stock out in warehouse as well as satisfy new attitude trend to fresh food, Tesco must rearrange its fresh food storage and optimize inventory control computer system. What need to do principally is to understand what customers want most. Assistant with the point of sale system, up-to-date sales data is accessible. It enables to capture customers’ preference. For the requirement of faster inventory turnover, improve sophisticated inventory data collect system is necessary. This system is use to calculate the stock level and replenishment status at any given time. Secondly, it is to reclassify inventory according to ABC analysis. ABC classification is an approach which is basis on the 80/20 rule. It was developed by H Ford Dickey in 1951. ((Derek L. Waller, 2003) Customer’s preference changes from period to period. Tesco should update its inventory control policy according to these changes. Guided by ABC analysis, class A which take account into 80% value of inventory is treated as the most notable part to manage, although it only occupy 20% of amount of inventory. Both fast sellers and class A need to apply ordering method as fixed ordering quantity (Economic Order Quantity). While their inventory quantity reducing to an estimated level (reorder point), inventory control system will send the order requirement to supplier automatically. The rest inventory which are classified as class B and class C are the less important ones. Most of them could implement ordering method call Economic Order Period (EOP). This approach orders at fixed ti me period. This method requires checking inventory quantity during a fixed time and then generating order to replenish inventory to an estimated fixed max stock level. ABC classification ensures Tesco emphasize on maintaining inventory level of items which are the most crucial and valuable. Tesco could reduce the cost as well as resources by cutting unnecessary inventory down. Also, this approach focuses on minimize the risk of empty in biggest contribution goods and of what customers concern. It is useful to avoid wastage costs and improve customer service. 5.3. Making forecast precise Because of the point of sale system, collecting of real-time update selling data is realized. What Tesco need to do is to forecast market demand on the basis of actual selling trends more accurate. To develop an algorithm computer system make an exacter forecast possible. In addition, in order to take into account influence of special situation, before the orders being sent to supplier, stock manager have the right to modify it according to promotion decision and other extra information like special requirement for specific holiday. 5.4. Integration of information and of suppliers It is suggested that Tesco develop a type of reliable win-win relationship model with suppliers. Tesco could contract a long-term relationship with several reliable suppliers to take responsibility of different vegetables. Under such long-term partner ship, suppliers benefit from consistent orders and exact market analysis. They do not need to worry about sales of their goods and promotion of pending out-of-date goods because of capturing exact selling data from their long-term customer-Tesco. With the help of EDI system and standard barcode (Penelope Ody and Sue Newman, 1991), Tesco could communicate its suppliers with networking their computer. All of reliable suppliers allow accessing to Tesco’s inventory control system freely. To develop a Vendor Manage Inventory system (VMI) stimulate suppliers replenish initiatively and frequently so that realize continuous replenishment. However, Tesco need to pay attention on reducing costs of continuous logistics. It is practical to i mplement that transporting vegetables together with other ordered items so that Tesco also could obtain economies of scale while frequency of transportation increases. 6. Conclusion Customers always expect to buy whatever whenever. Every sections involved in supply chain is take a responsibility of optimizing it. Stockouts of vegetables in Tesco can be caused due to problems of Tesco itself like out of time on-shelf delivery, wrong forecasting future market demand and delayed or inadequate ordering. Otherwise it could be attributed to suppliers such as too late and too little delivering or an unreliable relationship between supplier and Tesco. It is possible to minimize these problems through integrating supply chain. Tesco need to clear its departments’ own responsibility, reorder goods displayer and optimize the utilization of shelf space. What’s more, based on the POS system, it should improve platform of sharing selling information and up-to-date changes of inventory with its suppliers so that supplier could look after the inventory level and plan to replenishment initiatively. Together with Tesco and supplier’s effort, the whole supply chain could response changes quickly and efficiently. It enables to realize Continuous Replenishment Practice (CRP) to fulfill the customers’ daily demand of fresh vegetables. Because increasing logistics cost of continuous replenishment could be offset by the reducing storage cost, Tesco could increase its availability as well as customer service at a lower costs. References Ballou, R. H. (2004). Business Logistics/ Supply Chain Management. America: Pearson Education, Inc. Bell, R. (2004). Retailer Strategy. Burlington: Templeton College. Corsten, D. Gruen,T. (2004). Stock-Outs Cause Walkouts. [Website]. Available from: [Accessed:10 November 2009] Cristopher, Martin. (2005). Logistics and Supply Chain Management. Pearson Education Limited. Fisher, M. L. (1997). What Is the Right Supply Chain for Your Products? Harvard Business Review. March-April. 97205. Fortune (2009). Global 500 Our annual ranking of the worlds largest corporations. [Website]. Available from: [Accessed: 18 November 2009] Hausman, W. H. (no date)Financial Flow Supply Chain Efficiency [Website] Available from: [Accessed: 10 November 2009] Marksandspencer.com. (2009). [Website]. Available from: [Acces

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Analysis of Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee :: Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee Essays

Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee:Â   An Analysis Dee Brown's Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee is a fully documented account of the annihilation of the American Indian in the late 1800s ending at the Battle of Wounded Knee. Brown brings to light a story of torture and atrocity not well known in American history. The fashion in which the American Indian was exterminated is best summed up in the words of Standing Bear of the Poncas, "When people want to slaughter cattle they drive them along until they get them to a corral, and then they slaughter them. So it was with us_. " Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, a work of non-fiction, attempts to tell the story of the American West from the perspective of the indigenous population, The American Indian. That in itself makes Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee an important work of literature as it is one of the few books supporting the Indian cause. This is done through the use of council records, autobiographies, and first-hand accounts. Each of the book's nineteen chapters deals with a certain tribe, battle, or historical event. Brown goes into deep and explicit detail throughout, as evidenced by the book's nearly 500 pages. However, while some may complain Bury My Heart At Wounded Knee is boring or text-book-like, I believe the opposite is actually true. Generally, very little is known about this terrible genocide and Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee is a wonderful and interesting learning tool. Brown has written many books about the life of the American Indian, including Creek Mary's Blood and Killdeer Mountain, but Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee is clearly his greatest work. Brown made sure to include songs, quotes, and portraits sprinkled throughout the book. These are very important as they break the monotony of page after page of text. The portraits are well selected and placed, as are the quotes, and help present a wider picture of the point in history. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee helps to open a door into our past. It forces us to look at the dark side of our American history and

Friday, July 19, 2019

Save the Whales Essay -- Environmental

Every day whales around the world are being killed. Although some whales are being killed for scientific purposes, the majority of them are killed for their meat by poachers or whalers working for different countries. Careless companies dispose of their waste incorrectly, and in today's society, people do not seem to care about anything but themselves. Arguments can be made both for saving the whales and for killing them; this is a topic that has caused much debate over the past two decades, not only in America, but worldwide. Environmentalists and international governing groups have squared off against whale poachers and countries who ignore the laws governing whales, in an attempt to stop the ongoing, unnecessary killing. All marine life is affected by careless human activity. Man-made pollution from dumps, chemical plants, power plants, and pesticides all flow and spread throughout the oceans of the world. Even low-level contamination of small, sometimes microscopic species causes highly concentrated contamination in larger marine life, specifically whales. Plankton, the main constituent of a whale's diet, is a very small organism that drifts for thousands of miles throughout the oceans, and as a result easily spreads pesticides, toxic metals, and other contaminants throughout the ocean. When the whales eat the plankton, the small amounts of contamination become highly concentrated in the whales systems. Pollution, although deadly over long periods of time, is not the main source of unnecessary whale death worldwide. A recent technology developed by the US Navy emits the most powerful sound known to man straight into the ocean waters. This newly developed technology, called low frequency active sonar (LFA), was d... ...a> http://files.hsus.org/web-files//PDF/SWNW_IWCFctsht.pdf Defenders of Wildlife: http://www.defenders.org/wildlife/new/marine/whales/climate.html Save the Whales: http://www.savethewhales.org Humane Society of the U.S.: http://www.hsus.org/ace/19943 WhaleNet Population Study: http://whale.wheelock.edu/whalenet-stuff/ser_population.html Pro-Whaling Nations: http://files.hsus.org/web-files//PDF/SWNW_ProWhalingFctsht.pdf

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Life :: essays research papers

Outline Thesis: This background, together with a believable plot, convincing characterization, and important literary devices, enables D. H. Lawrence in â€Å"Jimmy and the Desperate Woman† to develop the theme that real men do take responsibility. I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  D. H. Lawrence’s background influenced him to write the short story,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Jimmy and the Desperate Woman.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One important influence on the story is his parents.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In addition to his parents, another influence on the story is a   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  relationship that he had with his wife. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To develop this theme, Lawrence creates a believable plot.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Primarily, this plot is believable because Jimmy, the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  protagonist, faces a psychological conflict.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In addition to a realistic conflict, this plot is also believable   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  because Lawrence uses a determinant ending to reinforce the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  theme of the story. III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Along with a believable plot, Lawrence further develops the theme of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Jimmy and the Desperate Woman† by convincing characterization of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the protagonist, Jimmy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jimmy is a convincing character because he consistently is   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  seeking the right female relationship.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In addition, Jimmy is convincing character because his love for   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clarissa motivates him to keep on searching.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Finally, Jimmy is a convincing character because he is lifelike. IV.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Importantly, Lawrence develops the theme of â€Å"Jimmy and the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Desperate  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Woman† by using significant literary devices.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of these devices is symbolism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In addition to symbolism, Lawrence also uses irony to develop   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the theme. V.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After analyzing how the author’s background, the plot, the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  characterization, and the literary devices contribute to the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  development of the theme of â€Å"Jimmy and the Desperate Woman,†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  one understands why this story rates high on the literary   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  scale of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  value.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One reason that this story rates high is that its purpose is to   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  provide pleasure plus understanding.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another reason that this story rates high on the scale of value is   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  that Lawrence achieves the purpose of the story by  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  providing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  pleasure plus understanding. A Critical Analysis of â€Å"Jimmy and the Desperate Woman† by D. H. Lawrence   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  D. H. Lawrence’s background influenced him to write the short story, â€Å"Jimmy and the Desperate Woman†. One important influence on the story is his parents. Lawrence was born in Eastwood, Notting Hamshire, on September 11, 1885 (The McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Biography, Tedlock 369). Lawrence’s father started working in the coal mines when he was just a child. His father was a coal miner with very little education. He did not care about getting on in the world and like a good time with his friends at the pub (Artist and Rebel, Tedlock 1). On the other hand, his mother was a middle class woman who was a teacher. The reason why D. H. Lawrence mother chose her husband was because of his physical charm. Lawrence’s mother did not want any of her children growing up to

Gillette Fusion Essay

Recommendation In order to increase total sales and put Gillette Fusion on track to be a $1 billion business in the next few years, Gillette Fusion should launch a new advertising campaign and reduce cartridge package prices by 20% with the introduction of a onetime coupon. Explanation The media’s reaction to the â€Å"blockbuster† advertisement campaign highlights many of the campaign’s flaws. The campaign focused on the product features rather than its benefits. Due to the ad’s product focus, Gillette failed to communicate why the additional blades and elastomer handle coating improved the quality of consumer’s shave. The proposed advertising campaign would address these flaws and focus on the customer experience. In order to educate consumers, Gillette should employ a mass media campaign similar to Pepsi’s â€Å"Pepsi Challenge.† This campaign will include blindfolded individuals testing and comparing the Gillette Fusion with several other razors, and will be hosted by a celebrity who shares similar brand qualities as the Fusion. The celebrity will be young, sleek and innovative, like Ashton Kutcher or Dwayne Wade. †¢TV Advertisement: The television advertisements will include a short introduction by the celebrity and clips of customers who have taken the challenge describing why the Gillette Fusion is superior to its competitors. It should be featured during male-focused programing, like sporting events and adult comedies. †¢Print Advertisement: The print advertisement will feature a picture of the celebrity next to the razor and several quotes from individuals who have taken the challenge. It should be featured in men’s style magazines (GQ), music magazines (Rolling Stone) and sports magazines (ESPN, Sports Illustrated). †¢Radio Advertisement: The radio advertisement will begin with an introduction by the celebrity describing why he prefers the Gillette Fusion and then transition to reviews by those who have taken the challenge ( i.e. â€Å"The Gillette Fusion is incredible because †¦ If you don’t believe me, hear what people who have taken the challenge have to say for themselves †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). It should be featured during adult talk shows (Howard Stern Show) and sports programming. In order to encourage users to purchase the product, Gillette should offer a 20% discount on cartridges with the introduction of a one time coupon. Because 64% of men look at the price of the cartridge before  purchasing the corresponding razor, introducing a 20% discount with a onetime coupon will encourage those consumers weary of the high cartridge prices to purchase the razor. Once purchasing and using the razor, it is likely that the consumer will notice a significant difference in the quality of shave, and be willing to pay a higher price for the superior product. This is supported by the fact that of the 9,000 men who tested the new razor, Fusion was preferred 2 to 1 over the competition. For the few who would usually not be willing to pay the higher price for the cartridges, they will likely continue to purchase the cartridges because of the switching costs associated with purchasing a new razor. The coupon should be displayed at points of purchase and in direct mail outs. The former can be achieved by providing collaborators with display allowance. Alternative Strategies Unlike the proposed strategy, each of the alternative strategies fails to simultaneously communicate the effectiveness of the product and encourage customers weary of the price to purchase the product. †¢Lowering the retail price of the razor – This will not encourage customers to purchase the product because (a) 64% of consumers look at the cartridge price before purchasing a razor and (b) a razor is a one-time cost to consumers, with a less elasticity of demand than cartridges. Also, without a new advertising campaign, they also will continue not to understand why the product is superior, and more expensive, than its competitors. †¢Reducing cartridge package prices by changing cartridge package size. Reducing the current four cartridge package with three cartridge packages is only effective if consumers fail to register the difference in package size because the price per cartridge will actually increase. Moreover, this strategy fails to educate consumers on why the product is superior, and more expensive, than its competitors.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Professional Athletes’ Salaries

In todays fellowship, the American pot cant get enough of their favorite teams and jocks. wide-cut cities atomic number 18 infatuated with these teams and as a result, throng spend much(prenominal)(prenominal) of their quantify and bullion watching and rooting, hoping for a victory. on that point is nothing wrong with enjoying and marveling at the endowment of these professed(prenominal) athletes, only if what happens with whole these resources that go into the sports? They go straight to the chanceers. Although our society idolizes and cheers on our favorite athletes, they are significantly over remunerative. The add up of money or so of the trump out athletes commit in a year is astonishing.Professional baseb all in all game player, Alex Rodriguez, go forth delay convey 33 trillion dollars this year, just based on his salary, not including endorsements (Freedman). Tiger Woods made almost 23 million dollars in his winnings from various golf tournaments in 2009, and add on other cv million from his endorsements and you get the highest stipendiary athlete in the world (Freeman). Endorsements are another subject entirely, exactly it firebrands you understand how of the essence(p) it is for companies to wealthy person their logo on any(prenominal)ones hat, or have a big atomic number 82 in their commercial.Keep in mind not all athletes are paying(a) in millions, we are talking about some of the surpass in the most commonplace sports. That being said, the median(a) MLB players catch depart be around three million dollars, and the minimum being 400 megabyte dollars (MLBPA). This means a player school term on the bench the entire moderate allow for build nearly cardinal times what the average teacher will acquire. The reason all of these players get paid so much is because all original sports leagues are essentially a employment. And with all these countless numbers of sport fans (myself included), blood line is booming.It is important to understand how the business whole kit and boodle when you guide to fix a problem. The Managers and Owners unavoidableness their team to do well to stupefy in the fans, which in turn brings in the money. If a team is doing well they will make exponentially more money because of the sellout crowds and the jerseys flying off the shelves. The best focal point to improve your team is to get the best players, and that is done by stipendiary for them. When a player is a free component (does not have a contract to a specific team), teams will essentially bid and negotiate, and in most cases the highest paying team will get that player.This is wherefore teams like the Yankees have so some of the best players, because of their humungous fan base, they have a seemingly unlimited heart and soul of cash to bring in the best players. So all this money is coming in from tickets and clothing and other sources of in fuck off and it has to go somewhere, mightily? M both mint think athletes are rightfully paid all the money they have earned. Some argue that football players have short careers and many an(prenominal) wellness problems subsequently they are retired, so they will then train money for their injuries.With the average NFL player qualification 310 Thousand dollars in a year (NFL Player ), and they play 10 years for example, they should be all right financially. Some young athletes will get wind their first big check and go blow it all immediately. This is why some players are broke years after their career, and try to use it to justify their pay check, and make it seem as if they arent paid that much at all. In candor it is their poor money managing skills they still make a ridiculously larger amount of money in their career than any normal person will make in their lifetime.Another argument is that not all athletes are paid so highly. This is true, a professional volleyball player, or charge a minor league baseball playe r, will probably not make as much as a A-Rod or Tiger, and they are making a living by having playfulness playing a sport. What more could you intercommunicate for? When you dramatise a look at an athletes salary and compare it to a teacher, fireman, or even a doctor, it doesnt even come close. There are so many other occupations that are paid much less than a pro athlete, but contribute much more to our community.Teachers are having to have more and more students in their classes and many of them are having to find a new career because of the pay. A heavy teacher can change the lives of some students and provide so much knowledge, but it is hard to aspire to be a teacher rather than an athlete when you compare the twos salary. Think of all the money we could sic into education, health, the environment, just to name a few. in effect(p) being able to live by playing a sport is something players shouldnt take for granted.It is the very fans of the sports who are responsible fo r such high salaries (Callahan). The main way to overturn professional athletes salaries would be for people to mark off paying so much for tickets, jerseys, and sports packages on television. Frankly, that will not be occurrent anytime soon with the current way we idolisation these people. What needs to happen is the big professional sports leagues (NBA, MLB, NFL, NHL), need to recognize what is going on. They need to see how our economy is hurt and how our society needs the financial support.Ticket prices need to be slashed. Jersey prices need to be slashed. The best athletes can still be rewarded and paid a few hundred thousand, not millions and millions. They can still make groovy money from endorsements. And those extra funds need to be given back to the cities that have given so much to the sports franchises. The people need them to rebuild our educational and health systems, and our overall economy. Players can still have a great standard of living, but it is just wasted money if they are sitting among Americas richest.Many of these arguments can also be said for corporate CEOs and that needs to change. These people are at the top of the food chain while everyone below them is hurting. The sports leagues are blinded by greed and stardom not only is it the athletes being paid so much, but the team owners as well. It is hunky-dory to look at these pros as a personal hero, but we need to graduation back and cut down on how much we idolize them if we want to see improvement. In the end, it is all a business and it is their job to step up and make a change to better our society.